Complete ophthalmological examination
A complete ophthalmological examination is an important part of caring for the health of your eyes, vision, and overall well-being.
Regular eye and vision examinations are crucial for preventive healthcare. It is important to note that many eye and vision problems do not have early signs or symptoms, so you may not even be aware of a problem. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent vision loss.
When you go for an ophthalmological examination, depending on any complaints you may have (if any), the ophthalmologist will ask you some questions and perform specific tests.
The doctor will first inquire about any current eye or vision problems you may be experiencing, as well as your general health. Additionally, the doctor will be interested in when your symptoms started, any medications you are taking, and any work or environmental conditions that may affect your vision.
What does a complete ophthalmological examination include?
- Visual acuity determination
- Measurement of intraocular pressure
- Biomicroscopic examination
- Fundus examination
Visual acuity determination
Determining visual acuity helps the doctor assess how clearly each eye can see. This is often done using “reading charts” where you will be asked to read letters or symbols on a chart from a certain distance.
Measurement of intraocular pressure
As part of a complete ophthalmological examination, the doctor will measure your intraocular pressure (tonometry). A modern and precise device is used for this purpose, which measures pressure by direct contact with the eye. Generally, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 and 21 mmHg.
Biomicroscopic examination
The examination of the eye using a biomicroscope (slit lamp) with intense light provides the ophthalmologist with a detailed view of various structures at the front and inside of the eye. The use of a biomicroscope is a crucial tool in determining the health of your eyes and detecting potential eye diseases.
Fundus examination
Fundus examination or ophthalmoscopy is a simple and painless examination that provides the doctor with complete information about the main structures of the back of the eyeball: the initial part of the optic nerve, the macula, retinal blood vessels, and the entire retina. The examination is performed using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope or loupe, with the assistance of a biomicroscope, a device that enables visualization of the back of the eye through a light source and lens system. The results obtained help in diagnosing and monitoring various eye conditions and diseases.
- Additional tests may include the assessment of depth perception, color vision, eye muscle movement, peripheral or side vision, and the way your pupils react to light. A wide range of microscopes, lenses, and digital technology can be used for these purposes.
- During an ophthalmological examination, eye drops are often used to temporarily dilate the pupil for a better view of the structures inside the eye.
- In most cases, an ophthalmological examination does not require any prior preparation.
